新疆天山公路沿线地质灾害危险性评价     

刘昌容  何政伟  黄爽兵 《四川地质学报》2008,28(1):44-47

新疆天山公路（国道217线）是连接南、北疆的一条重要交通干线。通过调查研究沿线的地质条件,采用多元线性回归分析方法,选取地层岩性、地面坡度、相对高差、构造密度、多年平均降雨量、冻融作用、地震强度、植被覆盖率、开挖深度、灾害的分布密度和规模大小等11个评价因子,建立了地质灾害危险性级别的评价模型,得出了公路沿线的危险性级别图。  相似文献   

氧化锰矿物的生物成因及其性质的研究进展   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

刘凡  冯雄汉  陈秀华  邱国红  谭文峰  贺纪正 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):66

土壤中的氧化锰矿物是原生矿物风化和成土过程的产物,是最具反应活性的一类矿物,决定着环境中许多物质的形态、迁移和转化,在元素生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用,其形成机制和环境效应备受关注。已有的研究表明,环境中氧化锰的形成与微生物作用紧密相关,微生物作用可使自然环境中的Mn(Ⅱ)氧化速率提高105倍。参与Mn(Ⅱ)氧化的微生物在环境中广泛存在,已知的典型锰氧化细菌分布在变形菌门、放线菌门或厚壁菌门,它们均通过胞外聚合物中的多铜氧化酶来催化氧化Mn(Ⅱ)。细菌氧化Mn(II)成Mn(Ⅳ)是酶催化的两个连续的快速单电子传递过程,Mn(Ⅲ)在溶液中以与酶结合的瞬时中间态出现。生物形成氧化锰的最初形态为层状锰矿物,与δ-MnO2或酸性水钠锰矿很类似,且结晶弱,粒径小,锰氧化度高,结构中的八面体空穴多,因而比化学形成的氧化锰具有更强的吸附、氧化等表面活性。环境中Mn(Ⅱ)微生物氧化及形成的Mn(Ⅲ)中间体与碳、氮、硫等生命元素的地球化学循环的关系令人关注。  相似文献   

The discovery of metal trace elements in natural gas and its ecologic environmental significance.     

WANG Che-Xi DENG Mei-Zhou LIU Ying-Han LIU E-Wei LI Nie-Yun LU Ren-Ji 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):124

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GIS中最佳遍历分析算法与实现     

刘小生  余豪峰 《地理空间信息》2008,6(1):10-12

首先介绍了地理信息系统（GIS）网络分析的发展概况;其次在已有GIS最佳遍历分析存在问题的基础上,提出了一种最佳多路遍历分析算法。并在ArcEngine环境下,以某县交通网为例,利用C#.net及ArcEngine二次开发类库实现了其最佳多路灾情巡视路线分析。算法适用范围广,可以推广到很多同类的地理网络问题。  相似文献   

VC环境下最短路径算法的实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘少华  王新海 《地理空间信息》2008,6(2):36-37

设计了一种方便查找及显示最短路径的数据结构,对仅研究计算一条最短路径的Dijkstra算法加以了改进,并在VC下实现一个顶点到另一个顶点的所有最短路径的查找。  相似文献   

有限元法模拟开挖引起的基坑水平位移和邻近建筑物沉降   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王晓  韦俊山  李巨龙  翟守俊 《上海国土资源》2008,(1):29-31,52

以徐州某采用水泥土墙支护的基坑为例,采用有限元数值模拟的方法,对基坑开挖引起的水平位移量和邻近建筑物沉降量进行了计算,并与实际监测值进行了对比分析,得到了一些关于如何控制基坑水平位移和减少基坑周边建筑沉降的结论。  相似文献   

Multi-Scale Texture Modeling     

Ralf Hielscher  Helmut Schaeben 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(1):63-82

Patterns of crystallographic preferred orientation are referred to as texture. The specific subject of texture analysis is the experimental determination and interpretation of the statistical distribution of orientations of crystals within a specimen of polycrystalline material, which could be metals or rocks. The objective is to relate an observed pattern of preferred orientation to its generating processes and vice versa. In geosciences, texture of minerals in rocks is used to infer constraints on their tectono-metamorphic history. Since most physical properties of crystals, such as elastic moduli, the coefficients of thermal expansion, or chemical resistance to etching depends on crystal symmetry and orientation, the presence of texture imparts directional properties to the polycrystalline material. A major issue of mathematical texture analysis is the resolution of the inverse problem to determine a reasonable orientation density function on SO(3) from measured pole intensities on , which relates to the inverse of the totally geodesic Radon transform. This communication introduces a wavelet approach into mathematical texture analysis. Wavelets on the two-dimensional sphere and on the rotational group SO(3) are discussed, and an algorithms for a wavelet decomposition on both domains following the ideas of Ta-Hsin Li is given. The relationship of these wavelets on both domains with respect to the totally geodesic Radon transform is investigated. In particular, it is shown that the Radon transform of these wavelets on SO(3) are again wavelets on . A novel algorithm for the inversion of experimental pole intensities to an orientation density function based on this relationship is developed.  相似文献   

遥感地质分析在油气靶区建立中的应用     

张海玲  王家林  许惠平 《上海国土资源》2008,(2):57-59

在对松潘-阿坝地区遥感图像解译的基础上,基于GIS对解译出的线性体进行特征分析,并与本区航磁、重力及大地电磁测深资料进行综合分析,从而推断出：根据卫星影像解译出的盆地南部和北部的分界线可能是一条基底断裂,断裂的存在对该地区的油气生成,运移及聚集都可能产生明显的影响。这一推断为在研究区内建立油气勘探区域提供了有力的证据。  相似文献   

Stability Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Differential Frost Heave     

Rorik A. Peterson 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(3):277-298

Differential frost heave is often implicated in the formation of patterned ground in regions subject to recurrent freezing and thawing. A linear stability analysis (LSA) indicates that a continuum model of frost heave is linearly unstable under typical natural freezing conditions of silty-clay soils. A two-dimensional non-linear numerical analysis corroborates the frozen time LSA results, and also indicates the importance of non-linear and time-dependent terms that ultimately lead to a preferred mode, which the LSA fails to predict. Instability of the one-dimensional solution occurs at shallow freezing depths and near-zero surface loads when positive perturbations in the ice content at the freezing front lead to a concomitant increase in thermomolecular pressure and upward ice velocity. Differential frost heave can then occur because of the increased heat flux from the perturbed surfaces. A three-dimensional model using random initial surface perturbations indicates that regular surface patterns will evolve with a length scale in the order of 2–4 meters, which corresponds quite closely with naturally-occurring non-sorted patterned ground.  相似文献   

Inversely-Mapped Analytical Solutions for Flow Patterns around and within Inclined Elliptic Inclusions in Fluid-Saturated Rocks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chongbin Zhao  Bruce E. Hobbs  Alison Ord  Shenglin Peng  Liangming Liu 《Mathematical Geosciences》2008,40(2):179-197

In this paper, an inverse mapping is used to transform the previously-derived analytical solutions from a local elliptical coordinate system into a conventional Cartesian coordinate system. This enables a complete set of exact analytical solutions to be derived rigorously for the pore-fluid velocity, stream function, and excess pore-fluid pressure around and within buried inclined elliptic inclusions in pore-fluid-saturated porous rocks. To maximize the application range of the derived analytical solutions, the focal distance of an ellipse is used to represent the size of the ellipse, while the length ratio of the long axis to the short one is used to represent the geometrical shape of the ellipse. Since the present analytical solutions are expressed in a conventional Cartesian coordinate system, it is convenient to investigate, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the distribution patterns of the pore-fluid flow and excess pressure around and within many different families of buried inclined elliptic inclusions. The major advantage in using the present analytical solution is that they can be conveniently computed in a global Cartesian coordinate system, which is widely used in many scientific and engineering computations. As an application example, the present analytical solutions have been used to investigate how the dip angle of an inclined elliptic inclusion affects the distribution patterns of the pore-fluid flow and excess pore-fluid pressure when the permeability ratio of the elliptic inclusion is of finite but nonzero values.  相似文献